The exposure report · Healthcare practitioners

Healthcare is protected, and the exception is instructive

Fifty-five per cent of healthcare work cannot be sped up. Registered Nurses, at three million people the largest healthcare occupation, are at 44 per cent.

Exposure means published research judged an AI could halve the time a task takes, at the same quality. It is not a prediction about any job. How to read this


89
occupations
1,735
rated tasks
55%
cannot be sped up, 12 of 22 in the economy
90pts
between the most and least protected job here
Finding one

Three million nurses, 44 per cent protected

Nineteen per cent of the listed work is reachable with a chat window and 37 per cent would need a tool. The protected 44 per cent is the bedside.

Histology Technicians are at 100 per cent protected, the highest in the group, because the work is physical sample preparation.

Finding two

The least protected job here is Genetic Counsellors

At 11 per cent protected, they are the outlier in an otherwise sheltered group. The role is heavily weighted towards interpreting results, explaining risk and writing it up.

A useful reminder that "healthcare" is not the unit of analysis. The task is.

Every occupation in the group, least protected first

Solid is reachable with a chat window today, pale needs software building first, grey cannot be sped up. Task counts are shown because several of these rest on fewer than twenty.

Genetic Counselors
Certified Genetic Counselor · Genetic Counselor · Medical Science Liaison · Prenatal and Pediatric Genetic Counselor
Tasks19 Doing it 3k
Medical Records Specialists
Coder · Health Information Clerk · Health Information Specialist · Health Information Technician (Health Information Tech)
Tasks17 Doing it 181k
Music Therapists
Board Certified Music Therapist (MT-BC) · LCAT (Licensed Creative Arts Therapist) · Music Therapist · Neurologic Music Therapist
Tasks30 Doing it 13k
Dietetic Technicians
Cook Chill Technician (CCT) · Diet Assistant · Diet Clerk · Diet Tech (Diet Technician)
Tasks13 Doing it 22k
Patient Representatives
Access Representative · Admissions Coordinator · Case Manager · Medicaid Service Coordinator (MSC)
Tasks13 Doing it 141k
Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars
Medical Records Analyst · Medical Records Director
Tasks16 Doing it 38k
Psychiatrists
Adult Psychiatrist · Child Psychiatrist · Consulting Psychiatrist · Medical Doctor (MD)
Tasks12 Doing it 26k
Audiologists
Audiologist · Audiology Doctor (AUD) · Certificate of Clinical Competence in Audiology Licensed Audiologist (CCC-A Licensed Audiologist) · Clinical Audiologist
Tasks22 Doing it 13k
Dietitians and Nutritionists
Clinical Dietician · Clinical Dietitian · Clinical Nutritionist · Dietitian
Tasks28 Doing it 67k
Preventive Medicine Physicians
Occupational Medicine Physician · Occupational Physician · Physician · Preventive Medicine Physician
Tasks15 Doing it 257k
Radiologists
Attending Physician · Diagnostic Radiologist · Interventional Neuroradiologist · Interventional Radiologist
Tasks30 Doing it 30k
Speech-Language Pathologists
Bilingual Speech-Language Pathologist (Bilingual SLP) · Pediatric Speech-Language Pathologist (Pediatric SLP) · Speech and Language Clinician · Speech and Language Specialist
Tasks24 Doing it 147k
Occupational Therapists
Assistive Technology Trainer · Certified Hand Therapist (CHT) · Early Intervention Occupational Therapist · Home Health Occupational Therapist
Tasks17 Doing it 128k
Hospitalists
Academic Hospitalist · Consultant Physician · Hospitalist · Hospitalist Medical Doctor (Hospitalist MD)
Tasks14 Doing it 257k
Recreational Therapists
Activities Coordinator · Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialist (CTRS) · General Activities Therapist · Recreation Therapist
Tasks11 Doing it 17k
Allergists and Immunologists
Adult and Pediatric Allergy Partner · Allergist · Allergy and Immunology Physician · Allergy and Immunology Specialist
Tasks16 Doing it 257k
Pharmacy Technicians
Accredited Pharmacy Technician · Certified Pharmacy Technician (CPhT) · Chemotherapy Pharmacy Technician (Chemo Pharmacy Technician) · Compounding Technician
Tasks21 Doing it 437k
Sports Medicine Physicians
Athletic Team Physician · Nonsurgical Primary Care Sports Medicine Physician · Orthopedic Team Physician · Physician
Tasks27 Doing it 257k
Neurologists
Adult and Pediatric Neurologist · Adult Neurologist · General Neurologist · Neurologist
Tasks24 Doing it 7k
Anesthesiologists
Medical Doctor (MD) · Obstetrical Anesthesiologist · Staff Anesthesiologist · Staff Anesthetist
Tasks18 Doing it 31k
Ophthalmologists, Except Pediatric
Clinical Ophthalmologist · Cornea Specialist · Glaucoma Specialist · Oculoplastic Specialist
Tasks18 Doing it 12k
Orthoptists
Certified Orthoptist · Clinical Orthoptist (CO) · Orthoptist
Tasks16 Doing it 26k
Registered Nurses
Certified Operating Room Nurse (CNOR) · Charge Nurse · Emergency Department RN (Emergency Department Registered Nurse) · Oncology RN (Oncology Registered Nurse)
Tasks27 Doing it 3048k
Chiropractors
Chiropractic Doctor (DC) · Chiropractic Neurologist · Chiropractic Physician · Chiropractor
Tasks11 Doing it 36k
Nurse Practitioners
ACNP (Acute Care Nurse Practitioner) · Adult Nurse Practitioner · Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) · ARNP Specialist (Advanced Registered Nurse Practitioner Specialist)
Tasks27 Doing it 235k
Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses
Adult Psychiatric Mental Health APRN (Adult Psychiatric Mental Health Advanced Practice Registered Nurse) · Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurse · APN (Advanced Practice Nurse) · Board Certified Psychiatric Mental Health Clinical Nurse Specialist (BC PMH-CNS)
Tasks24 Doing it 3048k
Family Medicine Physicians
Board Certified Family Physician · Family Medicine Physician · Family Physician · Family Practice Medical Doctor (FP MD)
Tasks13 Doing it 103k
Physical Therapists
Acute Care PT (Acute Care Physical Therapist) · Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) · Home Care Physical Therapist (Home Care PT) · Inpatient Physical Therapist (Inpatient PT)
Tasks24 Doing it 225k
Clinical Nurse Specialists
APN (Advanced Practice Nurse) · Board Certified Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS-BC) · CNS (Clinical Nurse Specialist) · Critical Care CNS (Critical Care Clinical Nurse Specialist)
Tasks30 Doing it 3048k
Emergency Medicine Physicians
Attending Emergency Physician · Attending Physician · Emergency MD (Emergency Medicine Doctor) · Emergency Medicine Physician (EM Physician)
Tasks17 Doing it 36k
Pediatricians, General
Developmental Pediatrician · Emergency Room Pediatrician (ER Pediatrician) · General Pediatrician · Group Practice Pediatrician
Tasks17 Doing it 34k
Physicians, Pathologists
Anatomic Pathologist · Cytopathologist · Dermatopathologist · Forensic Pathologist
Tasks19 Doing it 11k
Acute Care Nurses
Acute Care Nurse · Cardiac Interventional Care Nurse · Cardiovascular ICU Nurse (Cardiovascular Intense Care Unit Nurse) · Cardiovascular Surgery Acute Care Nurse Practitioner (Cardiovascular Surgery ACNP)
Tasks27 Doing it 3048k
Art Therapists
Art Psychotherapist · Art Therapist · Board Certified Art Therapist (ATR-BC) · Creative Arts Therapist
Tasks25 Doing it 13k
Pharmacists
Clinical Pharmacist · Hospital Pharmacist · Informatics Pharmacist · Pharm D (Pharmacy Doctor)
Tasks21 Doing it 313k
Dermatologists
Board Certified Dermatologist · Dermatologist MD (Dermatologist Medical Doctor) · Dermatologist Physician · Dermatopathologist
Tasks18 Doing it 9k
Medical Dosimetrists
CMD (Certified Medical Dosimetrist) · Dosimetrist · Medical Dosimetrist · Medical Physicist
Tasks20 Doing it 2k
Psychiatric Technicians
BHT (Behavioral Health Technician) · Health Care Technician (Health Care Tech) · LPT (Licensed Psychiatric Technician) · Mental Health Associate
Tasks16 Doing it 93k
Athletic Trainers
Athletic Instructor · Athletic Lecturer · Athletic Trainer · Certified Athletic Trainer
Tasks23 Doing it 26k
Nurse Midwives
Certified Nurse-Midwife (CNM) · Nurse Midwife · Staff Certified Nurse Midwife · Staff Nurse Midwife
Tasks21 Doing it 8k
General Internal Medicine Physicians
Doctor · Gastroenterologist · General Internal Medicine Physician · General Internist
Tasks19 Doing it 58k
Obstetricians and Gynecologists
GYN (Gynecologist) · MD (Medical Doctor) · OB (Obstetrician) · OB/GYN (Obstetrician Gynecologist)
Tasks15 Doing it 22k
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians
Computed Tomography Technologist (CT Tech) · Diagnostic Radiologic Technologist (DRT) · Imaging Technologist (Imaging Tech) · Mammographer
Tasks30 Doing it 216k
Acupuncturists
Acupuncture Doctor · Acupuncture Physician · Acupuncture Provider · Acupuncturist
Tasks18 Doing it 7k
Diagnostic Medical Sonographers
Cardiac Sonographer · Diagnostic Medical Sonographer · Medical Sonographer · Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer (RDMS)
Tasks20 Doing it 79k
Cytogenetic Technologists
Certified Cytogenetic Technologist · Clinical Cytogeneticist Scientist (CCS) · Cytogenetic Technologist · Cytogenetics Clinical Laboratory Specialist (CG CLSp)
Tasks30
Emergency Medical Technicians
Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) · First Responder
Tasks12 Doing it 161k
Midwives
Birth Center Midwife · Certified Direct-Entry Midwife · Certified Professional Midwife (CPM) · Homebirth Midwife
Tasks36 Doing it 44k
Exercise Physiologists
Bariatric Weight Loss Counselor · Certified Exercise Physiologist (EPC) · Clinical Exercise Physiologist · Clinical Exercise Specialist
Tasks25 Doing it 7k
Naturopathic Physicians
Doctor (Dr) · Naturopathic Doctor · Naturopathic Endocrinologist · Naturopathic Medicine Doctor
Tasks20 Doing it 26k
Orthodontists
Board Certified Orthodontist · Orthodontic Dentist · Orthodontic Specialist · Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Specialist
Tasks10 Doing it 5k
Orthopedic Surgeons, Except Pediatric
General Surgeon · Hand Surgeon · Orthopaedic Surgeon · Orthopedic Surgeon
Tasks15 Doing it 16k
Orthotists and Prosthetists
Certified Orthotist (CO) · Certified Pedorthist · Certified Prosthetist (CP) · Certified Prosthetist Orthotist (CPO)
Tasks15 Doing it 10k
Tasks26 Doing it 19k
Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
Charge Nurse · Clinic Licensed Practical Nurse (Clinic LPN) · Clinic Nurse · Home Health Licensed Practical Nurse (Home Health LPN)
Tasks23 Doing it 641k
Pediatric Surgeons
Cardiovascular Surgeon · General Surgeon · Hand Surgeon · Physician
Tasks18 Doing it 1k
Veterinarians
Companion Animal Practitioner · Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) · Emergency Veterinarian (Emergency Vet) · Large Animal Veterinarian (Large Animal Vet)
Tasks23 Doing it 77k
Low Vision Therapists, Orientation and Mobility Specialists, and Vision Rehabilitation Therapists
Certified Low Vision Therapist (CLVT) · Certified Orientation and Mobility Specialist (COMS) · Mobility Specialist · Orientation and Mobility Instructor (O and M Instructor)
Tasks21 Doing it 128k
Paramedics
First Responder · Flight Paramedic · Paramedic
Tasks13 Doing it 97k
Podiatrists
Attending Physician · Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (DPM) · Doctor of Podiatric Medicine and Surgery (DPM and Surgery) · Doctor Podiatric Medicine (DPM)
Tasks11 Doing it 9k
Urologists
Acute Care Physician · MD (Medical Doctor) · Owner · Physician
Tasks14 Doing it 257k
Nuclear Medicine Technologists
Certified Nuclear Medicine Technologist (CNMT) · Nuclear Cardiology Technologist · Nuclear Medicine PET-CT Technologist (Nuclear Medicine Positron Emission Tomography - Computed Tomography Technologist) · Nuclear Medicine Technologist (NMT)
Tasks17 Doing it 17k
Critical Care Nurses
Certified Critical Care Nurse · Critical Care Nurse Practitioner · Critical Care Registered Nurse (CCRN) · ICU Critical Care NP (Intensive Care Unit Critical Care Nurse Practitioner)
Tasks29 Doing it 3048k
Opticians, Dispensing
Certified Optician · Contact Lens Technician · Dispensing Optician · Licensed Dispensing Optician (LDO)
Tasks21 Doing it 73k
Radiation Therapists
Computed Tomography Simulation Therapist (CT Simulation Therapist) · Dosimetrist · Radiation Therapist (RT) · Radiation Therapy Technologist (RTT)
Tasks22 Doing it 16k
Cytotechnologists
Cytologist · Cytology Applications Specialist · Cytology Coordinator · Cytology Technical Specialist
Tasks13
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists
Clinical Chemist · Clinical Laboratory Scientist (CLS) · Clinical Laboratory Technologist · Histologist Technologist
Tasks16
Dentists, General
Dental Surgery Doctor (DDS) · Dentist · Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD) · Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS)
Tasks20 Doing it 109k
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists
MRI Coordinator (Magnetic Resonance Imaging Coordinator) · MRI QA Coordinator (Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality Assurance Coordinator) · MRI Radiographer (Magnetic Resonance Imaging Radiographer) · MRI Specialist (Magnetic Resonance Imaging Specialist)
Tasks23 Doing it 38k
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians
Certified Clinical Laboratory Technician · Clinical Laboratory Technician (Clinical Lab Technician) · Laboratory Assistant (Lab Assistant) · Laboratory Technician (Lab Tech)
Tasks15
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Physicians
MD (Medical Doctor) · Medical Director Acute Rehabilitation Unit Physiatrist · Pain Management Physician · Pediatric Physiatrist
Tasks15 Doing it 257k
Respiratory Therapists
Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Respiratory Therapist · Certified Respiratory Therapist (CRT) · Registered Respiratory Therapist (RRT) · Respiratory Care Practitioner (RCP)
Tasks22 Doing it 133k
Neurodiagnostic Technologists
Certified Intraoperative Neurophysiology Technologist (Certified Intraoperative Neurophysiology Tech) · Certified Neurodiagnostic Technologist · Electroneurodiagnostic Technologist (END Technologist) · Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Technologist (IONM Tech)
Tasks16 Doing it 141k
Nurse Anesthetists
Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) · Nurse Anesthetist · Staff Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (Staff CRNA) · Staff Nurse Anesthetist
Tasks24 Doing it 44k
Physician Assistants
Cardiology Physician Assistant · Certified Physician Assistant (PA-C) · Emergency Medicine Physician Assistant (Emergency Medicine PA) · Family Practice Physician Assistant
Tasks12 Doing it 133k
Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians
Cardiac Cath Lab Technologist (Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Technologist) · Cardiac Catheterization Technician · Cardiac Technician · Cardio Tech (Cardiovascular Technician)
Tasks25 Doing it 56k
Veterinary Technologists and Technicians
Certified Veterinary Technician (CVT) · Emergency Veterinary Technician (Emergency Vet Tech) · Internal Medicine Veterinary Technician (Internal Medicine Vet Tech) · Licensed Veterinary Technician (LVT)
Tasks31 Doing it 119k
Ophthalmic Medical Technicians
Certified Ophthalmic Medical Technician (Certified Ophthalmic Medical Tech) · Certified Ophthalmic Surgical Assistant · Certified Ophthalmic Technician (COT) · Certified Ophthalmic Technician-Surgical Assistant (COT-SA)
Tasks20 Doing it 66k
Anesthesiologist Assistants
Anesthesia Assistant · Anesthesia Technician · Anesthesiologist Assistant · Anesthesiologists' Assistant
Tasks16 Doing it 133k
Prosthodontists
DDS (Doctor of Dental Surgery) · Dental Science Dr (Dental Science Doctor) · Denturist · Maxillofacial Prosthodontist
Tasks11 Doing it 1k
Dental Hygienists
Dental Hygienist · Hygienist · Licensed Dental Hygienist · Pediatric Dental Hygienist
Tasks18 Doing it 207k
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) · Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon (OMS) · Oral Surgeon · Surgeon
Tasks14 Doing it 5k
Ophthalmic Medical Technologists
Certified Diagnostic Ophthalmic Sonographer (CDOS) · Certified Ophthalmic Medical Technologist (COMT) · Ophthalmic Echographer · Ophthalmic Medical Technologist (Ophthalmic Medical Tech)
Tasks31 Doing it 141k
Optometrists
Optometrist · Optometry Doctor (OD) · Therapeutic Optometrist
Tasks10 Doing it 39k
Hearing Aid Specialists
Audioprosthologist · Hearing Aid Consultant · Hearing Aid Specialist · Hearing Care Practitioner
Tasks11 Doing it 11k
Surgical Assistants
Certified First Assistant (CFA) · Certified Registered Nurse First Assistant (CRNFA) · Certified Surgical Assistant (CSA) · Certified Surgical First Assistant (CSFA)
Tasks28 Doing it 17k
Histotechnologists
Clinical Lab Manager (Clinical Laboratory Manager) · Histology Lab Manager (Histology Laboratory Manager) · Histology Specialist · Histology Technologist
Tasks16
Surgical Technologists
Certified Surgical Technician · Certified Surgical Technologist (CST) · Operating Room Surgical Technician (OR St) · Operating Room Technician (OR Tech)
Tasks16 Doing it 109k
Histology Technicians
Clinical Histology Technician (Clinical Histology Tech) · Histologic Technician (HT) · Histologist · Histology Consultant
Tasks8
All 89 healthcare practitioners occupations combined
Task-weighted across the whole group, so a large occupation counts for more than a small one
Tasks1,735
Reachable today Needs software built first Cannot be sped up
If you work in People

Nothing here transfers, and that is the point

This chapter is in the report for completeness and because People teams recruit into these roles. It is not written by anybody who has done them, and there is no interpretation of what the numbers feel like from the inside.

If you work in healthcare and this chapter is wrong about your job, it is because the task list is a US standard rather than your ward. Say so and it can be corrected.

What is missing from this chapter

There is no data here on what anybody actually does with AI. A dataset that appears to measure it was removed from this report because its meaning could not be stated. The reasoning is on the limits page.

The exposure ratings cover all 1,735 tasks in these 89 occupations with no gaps, and were made in 2023 against the model capabilities of that year. Read every figure as a floor.


Exposure ratings from Eloundou, Manning, Mishkin and Rock, GPTs are GPTs: Labor market impact potential of LLMs, Science 384, 1306–1308, 2024, used under the MIT licence. This page includes information from the O*NET Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), used under the CC BY 4.0 license. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. People Team AI has modified all or some of this information. USDOL/ETA has not approved, endorsed, or tested these modifications. Employment figures from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics.